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在托福浏览中，揣度题是一道必考题，也是让大师比力惧怕的轻易失分的标题。揣度题的题干请求是要大师推理出文章中隐含的信息，这就象征着，揣度题对大师的读文章能力请求更高：咱们不但仅要读大白文章概况的意思，还要有能力对定位区间的上下文举行总结归纳，才能选出准确谜底。
今天，英度教诲托福名师杨颖教员为大师带来托福浏览提分秘笈！
凡是，咱们的解题思绪是从文章入手，总结各类揣度法子，好比咱们常说的比拟揣度法和细节揣度法。举个例子：
The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century, a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils, so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles . . . “
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?
○They did not smoke when they were burned.
○They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.
○They were not available to all.
○They contained sulfuric acid.
这道题想必有必定根本的同窗都晓得的，是官方指南上的一道经典例题。这道例题的解题法子就是咱们前面讲过的比拟揣度法。
题干中提到时候19世纪以前的烛炬，而文章中第一句话说19世纪带来了新发明的大暴发，这个大暴发改造了烛炬行业而且使所有人都能用上烛炬。通过期间的发推，获得准确谜底是第三个：They were not available to all. 19世纪以前，不是所有人都能用得上烛炬。
这类揣度法子毫无疑难是颇有用的，也是咱们解题的关头。但有的时辰，特别是当标题难度比力大的时辰，或是咱们本身身能力有限的时辰，咱们很难去用这些揣度法子揣度出来准确谜底。那末这个时辰，给大师弥补此外一个解题法子：选项解除法。这个法子可以很好地和各类揣度法共同帮忙大师解题。
咱们都晓得，揣度题准确选项的特性是文章隐含的信息，那末毛病选项的特性呢？把握了这个，咱们便可以反其道而行，经由过程选项的阐发，解除毛病选项。
毛病选项一般有三类：
1. 原文信息。这类毛病选项的特色在于选项自己较着来自于文章信息，可是没有举行揣度。这类毛病选项见得未几，可是利诱性很大。
2. 与原文较着抵牾信息。这个选项很好理解了，也是见得至多的毛病选项，只要选项与文章抵牾，绝对不选。由于即便要举行揣度，也是在原文的根本之长进行的，不成能与原文信息抵牾。
3. 与文章信息根基不要紧的信息。这也是利诱性比力大的一个选项。考生常常在推不出来的时辰轻易选择这类看起来和文章没啥瓜葛的选项，仿佛如许才合适揣度这两个字。但究竟是，揣度题并无让你当神探柯南，也其实不会出一个让你绕一百个弯才能推出准确谜底的标题。揣度题准确选项的信息必定是文章暗含的，咱们只必要略微动脑筋举行总结便可以了。以是，揣度题的准确谜底通常为和文章痛痒相关的。若是碰着选项和文章八棍子撂不着的，一般都是毛病信息。
咱们来看一道例题：
Paragraph 5:The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the mora借貸,l welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about variations in political beliefs within the Whig Party? (4)
○They were focused on issues of public liberty.
○They caused some members to leave the Whig party.
○They were unimportant to most Whigs.
○They reflected regional interests.
通读题干和文章段落以后，咱们来阐发选项。
第一个选项They were focused on issues of public liberty，意思是他们集中存眷公家自由的问题。这个选项和文章第一句话They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty抵牾，原辞意思是他们信赖它应当被用来庇护小我权力和公家自由。故解除。
第二个选项They caused some members to leave the Whig party，意思是他们造成为了一些成员分开了辉格党。这属于第三类毛病，和文章没啥瓜葛，整段也没有雷同的意思呈现。故解除。
第三个选项They were unimportant to most Whigs。这个选项也是和文章信息没有瓜葛的，整段并无提重不首要如许的信息。故解除。
以是准确谜底是第四个选项，定位句是In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country.经由过程正常的揣度总结可知，政治信奉的多样性确切影响了地域的长处，对应定位句中的Whigs in the northern sections of the United States，美国北部的辉格党这个信息。
再来一个例题：
Paragraph 2: Hills and mountains are often regarded as the epitome of permanence, successfully resisting the destructive forces of nature, but in fact they tend to be relatively short-lived in geological terms. As a general rule, the higher a mountain is, the more recently it was formed; for example, the high mountains of the Himalayas are only about 50 million years old. Lower mountains tend to be older, and are often the eroded relics of much higher mountain chains. About 400 million years ago, when the present-day continents of North America and Europe were joined, the Caledonian mountain chain was the same size as the modern Himalayas. Today, however, the relics of the Caledonian orogeny (mountain-building period) exist as the comparatively low mountains of Greenland, the northern Appalachians in the United States, the Scottish Highlands, and the Norwegian coastal plateau.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the mountains of the Himalayas? （2）
○Their current height is not an indication of their age.
○At present, they are much higher than the mountains of the Caledonian range.
○They were a uniform height about 400 million years ago.
○They are not as high as the Caledonian mountains were 400 million years ago.
一样的，读完题干和段落以后，咱们来阐发选项。
选项一Their current height is not an indication of their age. 意思是Himalayas山今朝的高度不是他们年数的批示。这个选项较着与文章信息抵牾。As a general rule, the higher a mountain is, the more recently it was formed;和Lower mountains tend to be older，这些信息都阐明山的高度和他们的额年数是有必定的瓜葛的。故解除。
选项三They were a uniform height about 400 million years ago.经由过程文章这句话for example, the high mountains of the Himalayas are only about 50 million years old可知，Himalayas山在400 million years ago尚未呈现，以是这个选项属于文章抵牾信息，故解除。
选项四They are not as high as the Caledonian mountains were 400 million years ago.这个选项较着与文章中About 400 million years ago, when the present-day continents of North America and Europe were joined, the Caledonian mountain chain was the same size as the台北當舖, modern Himalayas这句话抵牾，故解除。
经由过程对整段信息总结可知，准确谜底应当是第二个选项。
综上所述，大师可以公道操纵揣度题选项的特色帮忙咱们解除一些毛病选项。可是，大师要服膺，解除法只是咱们正常推理文章的一个辅助手腕，万万不要贪图只用解除法解决一切揣度题。咱们仍是必要扎扎实实提高根本，用气力破解一切困难。
原西安新东方外洋部主干西席
结业于西安外国语大学
英语专业八级
教诲部二级口译证书
托福浏览满分（30分）
从事培训行业多年
上课气概随和亲热，带给学生尽丰硕多彩的讲堂
英度教诲
是由资深出国留学教诲专家所建立的教诲机构，专注出国留学测验，申请等相干范畴，扶植B2B, B2C, O2O的生态体系。企业专家有美国ETS（美国TOEFL，GRE出题机构）拜候学者，British Council（英国文化协会，雅思测验）官方认证西席，有业内TOEFL，IELTS，SAT，GRE超等高分得到者，有结业于QS世界大学排行前一百的诸多名师，有海内985,211院校的精英，有十年以上讲授履历的团体培训师 |
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發表於 2019-7-6 14:49:57
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